How does Robert Louis Stevenson Create a sense of Mystery, Horror and Suspense Essay

In the novella â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† Robert Louise Stevenson uses many techniques to create a sense of mystery, horror and suspense. In this essay I will be analyzing some of these techniques in further depth. I will be explaining what effect these techniques will have on the reader. â€Å"The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† was published in 1886 and is probably the best known of Stevenson’s novels. It concerns the fine divide between good and evil. In the book the reader finds out more about how and why Dr Jekyll created a potion that separates the good side from the evil side, of the person. Unfortunately he lost control of the situation, resulting in a number of unfortunate events. Mr. Utterson is widely regarded as a good man, there is much evidence in â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† to back this statement up. One piece of evidence to show this is when the reader is told â€Å"something eminently human beaconed from his eyes†. This is a short and meaningful insight into the persona of Mr. Utterson. . We are also told that he had a â€Å"approved tolerance for others†. This is more evidence to show that he could empathise and care about people. This also makes the audience think that he will be tested. He is also said to be â€Å"the last good influence in the lives of down going men†, he is known to be a compassionate man, he looks to help people rather than judge them. This also makes the reader think that being a client of Mr Utterson, Dr Jekyll may be possible in store to be coming into some trouble. We are told much about Dr Jekyll’s House in the novel. â€Å"Showed no windows†, what does it mean to the reader, why would this mysterious character have no windows, what is he hiding, or what is hiding in there. This raises questions to the audience about the man, why would a man in a respected profession such as a doctor want to be living a life like this in a house with no windows. It says that â€Å"the wall was discoloured† and the it â€Å"bore marks of prolonged and sordid negligence†. This leads the audience to wonder, what would cause the walls to be discoloured and why does man take so little pride in his abode. The writer Robert Louse Stevenson uses words like the word sordid to create an image of evil and wickedness. IT is said to be â€Å"blistered and disdained† and have â€Å"neither bell or knocker†. The later of the two statements bears more negative connotations than the former. The fact that the house has no bell or knocker signifies to the reader that Dr Jekyll does not wish to be disturbed thus adding to the atmosphere of secrecy. Why would a man such like Dr Jekyll wish not to bothered what is he hiding in this house. The Final Statement regarding the dwelling of Dr Jekyll is typical of gothic writings of that era, it has mysterious connotations that intrigue the reader in saying â€Å"some place at the end of the world†. It also conjures up images of evil when Enfield says â€Å"Black winter morning†. On page 11 the reader is recounted the story of how Mr. Hyde trampled over the child. This is most probably the best example of the Robert Lewis Stevenson using specific techniques to create an innate sense of horror. He uses a common technique of the era, using descriptive, detailed language to intensify the sense of horror. For instance he says â€Å"some place at the end of the world about three o’clock of a black winter morning†, he also goes on to say about how empty and lifeless the streets were. The reader is also made to feel fearful, wary and loathsome towards this beast whom is said to have felt no remorse for the heinous act he had just committed. The writer instills these feelings within us by saying thing like â€Å"the man trampled calmly over the child’s body† this not only makes the reader horrified that someone could do such a thing, is also exceedingly curious as to who this man could be and why is he so remorseless for what he has done. Mr. Enfield makes several accounts of Mr. Hyde’s persona. The way in which Mr. Enfield reacts to the sight of Mr. Hyde makes the reader believe he must be a truly terrible man to provoke such a reaction from a well respected man such as Mr. Enfield. Mr. Enfield Says that Hyde â€Å"gave me one look, so ugly that it brought the sweat on me like running†, The reader will immediately relate someone being hideously ugly to them being morally objectionable. He also says â€Å"I had taken a loathing to the man at first sight† the reader questions what could it be that causes him to beacon this loathsome aura. It is said by Enfield that it was not only him to feel this way towards Hyde â€Å"I saw that sawbones turn sick and white with the desire to kill him† the reader wonders what could possible cause a man you whom had previously been described as emotionless to feel this way to a man he does not even know. The final account of Hyde is short but is nonetheless important it is when Hyde is described as being â€Å"really like Satan†. This is a grave accusation to make, saying that a man is like Satan the epitome of all that is evil. It is not false though Hyde is all that is evil within Dr. Jekyll. Mr. Enfield says that the man he saw was â€Å"of the name Hyde†. This name has a eerie ring to it, it carries a certain mystique. When people hear the name Hyde they immediately think of secrecy and what is the secrecy for. Later in the novel Utterson makes reference to Hyde’s name saying â€Å"If he is Mr. Hyde then I shall be Mr. Seek†. This immediately makes the reader think of the childhood game hide and seek. If this mans name is Hyde then why must he be found, what will he do? One technique that Stevenson uses to great effect is withholding information about the character Mr. Hyde. Mr. Enfield says â€Å"no sir I had a delicacy, I feel very strongly about putting questions†. This is Enfield saying that he did not inquire too deeply about Hyde. This creates mystery and suspense. Hyde is a mysterious character who the reader knows very little about but is intrigued by. Suspense is created by the fear of what this man is going to do. Enfield and Utterson also agree not to talk about this man again. This makes the reader incredibly suspicious of why it is that these two men do not wish to speak about this incident. Mr. Utterson states on page fifteen that already knows of Mr. Hyde saying â€Å"The fact is, if I do not ask you the name of the other party, it is because I know it already†. This shows to the reader that Mr. Utterson knows more than he is letting on. This makes the audience suspicious as to why a good man like Utterson would feel the need to keep this information to himself. Chapter two Dr. Jekyll’s will is very bizarre it says that â€Å"in the case of Dr. Jekyll’s disappearance or unexplained absence for any period exceeding three calendar months, the said Edward Hyde should step into the said Henry Jekyll’s shoes without further delay†. This engages the readers interest as to what the connection is between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. It’s irrationality is said to have â€Å"offended Mr. Utterson both as a lawyer and a lover of the sane†. It is strange because it does not say that he should be dead before he steps in. Mr. Utterson is left baffled by what has been written in Jekyll’s will and decides to go visit Dr. Lanyon. Lanyon tells Utterson that ten years ago â€Å"he began to go wrong in the mind†. This raises suspicions in the readers mind about Dr. Jekyll now that they see that one of his dearest friends now speaks of him in such a way. He sys that his â€Å"unscientific balderdash† was so delirious and immoral that is could have â€Å"estranged Damon and Pythias† who in Greek mythology are known for being inseparable friends. The reader must wonder what it is that Dr. Jekyll did to provoke such a claim from a close friend. Lanyon says to Utterson that he knows not of Hyde. This makes the audience suspicious of how it is possible for a man who claims to have been so close to Dr. Jekyll, but does not even know the man who he wishes to leave his entire estate to. We are told that Mr. Enfield’s â€Å"imagination also was engaged, or rather enslaved; as he lay and tossed in the gross darkness of the night†. Stevenson tells the reader that Utterson is imagining all of the terrible things that this Hyde character could have done. This automatically makes the reader imagine which builds up a sense of horror in the readers mind. We are told that Utterson did not know what Hyde looked like. Like Mr. Utterson the reader will imagine the worst of what Mr. Hyde looks like. He is described as a â€Å"human Juggernaut† the word Juggernaut instills images of an untamed beast that you must be cautious around. â€Å"It was the face of a man who was without bowels of mercy† This makes the reader tense about how terrible this man could be. â€Å"Spirit of enduring hatred† it could be because of the way Enfield reacted to this man that has caused Utterson to feel this way. When Utterson finally meets Hyde it is a very Dramatic tense scene full of typical language from gothic writings of that era e.g. â€Å"it was a fine dry night, frost in the air, the streets as clean as a ball room† this is typical extremely descriptive scene setting. From previous descriptions of Mr. Hyde the reader can only expect the worse for Mr. Utterson.

American Diet

America today is in the middle of a nutritional crisis. Throughout the country, the obesity epidemic has struck every population demographic. According to recent projections made by the United States Government, 63. 9 percent of Americans are either overweight or obese. That is over half of the population! What exactly is the culprit behind this crisis? How can someone fix this issue? The answers lie in the average American Diet. The diet consumed by Americans is one of, if not the worst diet in terms of saturated fat, trans fats, lack of carbohydrates, over consumption of protein, and overall malnutrition. Recommended Dietary Allowances adopted by nutritionists around the globe and countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia tell us that the American diet fails to come even close to proper nutritional consumption. However, the problem with the American diet is actually easily fixable if people start making smart, informed choices about their food. By properly educating the general public about nutrition and health, the obesity epidemic can be controlled and cured, leaving America with happier, healthier citizens. In order to understand why obesity is so prevalent in America today, the average diet of American citizens must be taken into account. According to data provided by The United States Department of Agriculture, Americans today consume too much red meat and sugar and too little vegetables and carbohydrates (grains). Because we consume so much red meat, which is high in saturated fat, calories and cholesterol, our diets are inherently riddled with fat and calories. Our sugar consumption also is a glaring issue. By consuming far more simple carbohydrates than we need from sugar, Americans are providing themselves with empty calories that spike blood glucose. This is compounded with the fact that the average American diet lacks proper consumption of complex carbohydrates, which come from whole grains and wheat products. That is a lot of information to digest (no pun intended), but what does it all mean. Well, according to the panel of nutrition specialists who set the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for the U. S. nd Canada, the over consumption of red meat and sweets along with the under consumption of complex carbohydrates and fruits and vegetables has cause an increase in numerous diseases for the average American. These diseases include: Coronary Heat Disease, Diabetes, Obesity, Heart Attack, Stroke, and numerous forms of cancer, among other things. The most obvious of these in the American public is obesity and diabetes. However, increases in the previously mentioned diseases have been connected with American’s poor dietary habits as well. So how does one correct their eating habits? Instead of consuming red meats and foods rich in sugar and simple carbohydrates, Americans should make alternative choices that will provide them with adequate nutrition and energy. For example, instead of having a burger for dinner, which judging by the average American diet is probably loaded with red meat, cheese, and other products high in saturated fat and cholesterol, a person should go instead with chicken breast or fish as their meat source for dinner. Chicken breast provides just as much protein, if not more than red meat, contains little to no saturated fat, and is a good source of other essential vitamins and minerals. Fish shares all the good qualities of chicken breast and contains many essential oils such as Omega-3 and Omega-6, which have been shown to reduce cholesterol and lower body fat content. Instead of choosing soda to go along with a meal, people should choose water or non-fat milk instead. And for goodness sake, people need to put their sandwiches on wheat bread. White bread has lower levels of protein, iron, fiber, and complex carbohydrates and has higher levels of sugar and simple carbohydrates than wheat bread. Another issue is our consumption of vegetables and fruits. The average American should obtain around 3 cups of vegetables and 2 cups of fruits every day. Most Americans don’t bother to take in half of this recommended amount, which is clearly an issue. Again, the solution to this is fairly simple and easily obtainable. Instead of having fries with a meal, a salad or a side of broccoli and carrots is a simple alternative. For dessert, cake can be replaced with a banana or an apple. These small differences in the diet really do make a large difference in the long run. Vegetables provide us vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes, minerals, and fiber. While fruits also provide the body with minerals, vitamins and antioxidants, they also provide the body fructose, which is later converted to glucose for energy. Changing the average American diet is not as difficult as it sounds. Providing the public with proper information about food and what is actually in it, along with making healthy food choices readily available to the average citizen will go a long way to curbing and preventing the obesity epidemic. The benefits of eating healthy are monumental. A longer, more active, healthier future is in store for those who change their eating habits.

Chemistry Experiment

Experiment 1: TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs 1/23/2011 Purpose: The goal of this experiment is to test our knowledge and understanding of TLC analysis by having us do a TLC analysis of analgesics to figure out their main chemical components. Calculations: 1. ) Rf = Distance spot traveled/ distance solvent traveled Results: Table 1: TLC Analysis Analgesic Drugs| Rf Value| Acetaminophen| 0. 323| Aspirin| 0. 597| Caffeine| 0. 081| Unknown 154 (Plate 1)| 0. 081, 0. 306, 0. 597| Ibuprofen| 0. 698|Salicyclamide| 0. 587| Unknown 154 (plate 2)| 0. 079, 0. 397, 0. 587| Discussion: The goal of this experiment was to use TLC Analysis to determine the analgesic drug present in the unknown solution 154. One observation of the unknown spotting solution was that it was cloudy. After forming the unknown spotting solution it was then heated to make it a more saturated solution thus enabling the spots on the TLC plate to contain more of the drug making it easier to compare it with the other drugs.Aft er the TLC plates were developed and visualized first through UV light and then through an Iodine chamber ( though no more spots were visualized with iodine chamber) , Rf values were then taken of each spot on the plate. The Acetaminophen had a value of 0. 323, Aspirin had a value of 0. 597, Caffeine had a value of 0. 081, Unknown 154 on the first plate had 3 different values; 0. 081, 0. 306, 0. 597, Ibuprofen had a value of 0. 698, Salicylamide had a value of 0. 587, and Unknown 154 on the second plate had three different values as well; 0. 079, 0. 97, and 0. 587. Through analysis it was determined that unknown 154 was Aspirin. This was found by comparing the Rf values of all the analgesic drugs to unknown 154. After comparing them it was seen that the Rf value for Aspirin matched one of the Rf values for unknown 154 exactly. The determination of the unknown was further supported by looking at the samples in solution. Both the unknown 154 and Aspirin were cloudy in solution thus fu rther supporting the identification of unknown 154. In this experiment there were not too many sources of error.One source could have been that the glassware being used may not have been cleaned thoroughly before using it thus possibly contaminating the unknown or the other analgesic drugs. This Experiment definitely was an efficient way to help determine what type of drug the unknown 154 was but there are a few improvements that could have been done to help better determine the unknown. One improvement could be to examine the solvent used because different solvents create different separations between spots.Another improvement could be to also run an Infrared Spectroscopy on the unknown and known compounds. Answers to Questions: 1. ) When running TLC plates three common mistakes that can be made are using a pen instead of a pencil to mark on the plate, using the wrong solvent, and touching the plates thus getting grease on them. 2. ) The Starting line and the spotting line are mark ed with pencil rather than pen because the ink from the pen would move with the solvent front thus interfering with the results. 3. ) Acetaminophen Aspirin CaffeineIbuprofen Salicylamide Pretty much all of the functional groups can determine the polarity of a compound. This includes Amides, Acids, Alcohols, Ketones, Aldehydes, Amines, Esters, Ethers, and Alkanes. Even though they all can determine the polarity of the compound Amides, Acids, Alcohols, Ketones, and Aldehydes are the most polar and therefore are the best at determining polarity in compounds. 4. ) In order of increasing polarity Ibuprofen is the least , then it is Aspirin, then Salicylamide, then acetaminophen, and Caffeine is the most polar. 5. The Acetic Acid in the TLC solvent is used to increase the polarity of the developing solvent thus reducing the amount of attraction the polar compound has for the stationary phase. 6. ) TLC is a good way to determine an unknown, but not to determine composition of an unknown. O ne good way to determine the composition of an unknown is to run an Infrared Spectroscopy which when analyzed functional groups can be identified. Another way to determine the composition of an analgesic drug could be to run a Mass Spectroscopy which when analyzed could determine the elemental composition of the drug. Chemistry Experiment Experiment 1: TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs 1/23/2011 Purpose: The goal of this experiment is to test our knowledge and understanding of TLC analysis by having us do a TLC analysis of analgesics to figure out their main chemical components. Calculations: 1. ) Rf = Distance spot traveled/ distance solvent traveled Results: Table 1: TLC Analysis Analgesic Drugs| Rf Value| Acetaminophen| 0. 323| Aspirin| 0. 597| Caffeine| 0. 081| Unknown 154 (Plate 1)| 0. 081, 0. 306, 0. 597| Ibuprofen| 0. 698|Salicyclamide| 0. 587| Unknown 154 (plate 2)| 0. 079, 0. 397, 0. 587| Discussion: The goal of this experiment was to use TLC Analysis to determine the analgesic drug present in the unknown solution 154. One observation of the unknown spotting solution was that it was cloudy. After forming the unknown spotting solution it was then heated to make it a more saturated solution thus enabling the spots on the TLC plate to contain more of the drug making it easier to compare it with the other drugs.Aft er the TLC plates were developed and visualized first through UV light and then through an Iodine chamber ( though no more spots were visualized with iodine chamber) , Rf values were then taken of each spot on the plate. The Acetaminophen had a value of 0. 323, Aspirin had a value of 0. 597, Caffeine had a value of 0. 081, Unknown 154 on the first plate had 3 different values; 0. 081, 0. 306, 0. 597, Ibuprofen had a value of 0. 698, Salicylamide had a value of 0. 587, and Unknown 154 on the second plate had three different values as well; 0. 079, 0. 97, and 0. 587. Through analysis it was determined that unknown 154 was Aspirin. This was found by comparing the Rf values of all the analgesic drugs to unknown 154. After comparing them it was seen that the Rf value for Aspirin matched one of the Rf values for unknown 154 exactly. The determination of the unknown was further supported by looking at the samples in solution. Both the unknown 154 and Aspirin were cloudy in solution thus fu rther supporting the identification of unknown 154. In this experiment there were not too many sources of error.One source could have been that the glassware being used may not have been cleaned thoroughly before using it thus possibly contaminating the unknown or the other analgesic drugs. This Experiment definitely was an efficient way to help determine what type of drug the unknown 154 was but there are a few improvements that could have been done to help better determine the unknown. One improvement could be to examine the solvent used because different solvents create different separations between spots.Another improvement could be to also run an Infrared Spectroscopy on the unknown and known compounds. Answers to Questions: 1. ) When running TLC plates three common mistakes that can be made are using a pen instead of a pencil to mark on the plate, using the wrong solvent, and touching the plates thus getting grease on them. 2. ) The Starting line and the spotting line are mark ed with pencil rather than pen because the ink from the pen would move with the solvent front thus interfering with the results. 3. ) Acetaminophen Aspirin CaffeineIbuprofen Salicylamide Pretty much all of the functional groups can determine the polarity of a compound. This includes Amides, Acids, Alcohols, Ketones, Aldehydes, Amines, Esters, Ethers, and Alkanes. Even though they all can determine the polarity of the compound Amides, Acids, Alcohols, Ketones, and Aldehydes are the most polar and therefore are the best at determining polarity in compounds. 4. ) In order of increasing polarity Ibuprofen is the least , then it is Aspirin, then Salicylamide, then acetaminophen, and Caffeine is the most polar. 5. The Acetic Acid in the TLC solvent is used to increase the polarity of the developing solvent thus reducing the amount of attraction the polar compound has for the stationary phase. 6. ) TLC is a good way to determine an unknown, but not to determine composition of an unknown. O ne good way to determine the composition of an unknown is to run an Infrared Spectroscopy which when analyzed functional groups can be identified. Another way to determine the composition of an analgesic drug could be to run a Mass Spectroscopy which when analyzed could determine the elemental composition of the drug.

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Cheating in Educational Institutes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cheating in Educational Institutes - Essay Example This report stresses that academic cheating is not a new phenomenon; it has been present since the evolution of different examination tools used in the academic arena. Davis reports that students, who believed that they would fail in a particular class or test that was being scored, resorted to cheat in order to avoid failure. This paper makes a conclusion that cheating in previous years mainly included copying someone else’s homework and presenting it as one’s own work or cheating used to take place during examination sessions while students used to carry small pieces of paper with them to copy from it during examination. Previously, cheating even constituted of asking answers from fellow students during examination sessions while ensuring that the invigilators and teachers were not aware of the event taking place. According to Staples, cheating gas becomes quite subtle and that is mainly due to information that is available over the internet. Staples state that now students tend to copy information directly from the internet and simply present them to their instructors as their own work and this form of cheating is mostly conducted by students who have just enrolled in college level of education and are not aware that this activity is even regarded as cheating under student code of conduct of almost every educational institute. Cheating is an outcome of relaxed rules as well as corrupt teaching faculty and their aim of advancing their own self interest over the interest of others. A student cannot escape after conducting the act of cheating until he/she has assistance from those who are provided with the authority of ensuring that such activities do not occur. Educational standards in developing areas are quite low, the teaching

How Free Should Speech Be Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Free Should Speech Be - Essay Example Nat Hantoff writes, â€Å"But nowhere in the First Amendment does it say that freedom of speech is limited only to ideas and symbols that further freedom, dignity and nonviolence.† Freedom of speech remains the pivotal assurance for the American society given by the founders of the constitution. Freedom of speech is like the double-edged sword and it is the twice-blessed responsibility. It blesses the receiver and it blesses the giver. Often the authorities have to walk on the razor’s edge to enforce the provisions of the freedom of speech when interests and cross interests of the different communities are involved. As such it is necessary to understand the scope of the word ‘freedom’ in the correct perspective. Its connotation also varies from one area to another. Philosophical freedom includes the ability to make choices without limitations, while political freedom is the state of being free to practice the choice of one’s political philosophy. Nat Hantoff quotes Aryeh Neier, â€Å"As a Jew, and a refugee from Nazi Germany, I have strong personal reasons for finding the Nazis repugnant. Freedom of speech protects my right to denounce Nazis with all the vehemence I think proper. Despite my hatred of their vicious doctrine, I realize that it is in my interest to defend their right to preach it.† Many positive developments have taken place in the area of freedom of speech for an individual or for a group of individuals professing and practising identical ideals.

The Marijuana Controversy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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